A reefer is an insulated shipping container with its own built-in refrigeration unit. It plugs into power at the cold store, on a generator during road transport, at the port terminal and on the ship, and it holds the set temperature for the whole voyage.
Reefer freight costs more than dry container freight. The exact amount changes often and depends on the route, the season, equipment supply and extra charges, so get a current quote from your forwarder for each shipment.
How a reefer works
The refrigeration unit sits at one end of the container. It pulls air from inside the box, cools it over an evaporator and blows it back under the cargo through a grooved floor, often called a T-floor. The cold air rises through and around the cargo and returns to the unit at the top.
Sensors measure supply and return air temperature, and the controller adjusts cooling to hold the set point. The unit stores a temperature log that can be downloaded, and many units can also be watched remotely. See how to monitor a reefer's temperature.
Rules for loading a reefer
- Pre-cool the cargo, not the box: product must already be at the target temperature.
- Request a pre-trip inspection of the unit before it is sent to the plant.
- Keep the T-floor clear so air can flow under the cargo.
- Do not load above the red load line marked inside the container.
- Leave space at the door end and avoid blocking the return air path.
- Use strong cartons and stable pallets, as the cargo must not shift and block the airflow.
- Close the doors quickly and connect power as soon as possible.
What drives reefer cost
No single figure applies, because reefer rates move with the market. These are the main drivers to discuss with your forwarder.
- Route and distance, and whether there is a direct service or a transhipment.
- Reefer equipment supply at the Indian port, which varies by season.
- Power or plug-in charges at terminals, often charged per day.
- Road haulage with a generator set from the plant to the port.
- Fuel and other surcharges set by the shipping line.
- Destination charges, including plug-in time while waiting for customs.
- Delays: every extra day at a terminal adds power and storage charges.
Keeping costs under control
Book early, especially in busy seasons. Fill the container well, since the freight is charged per box, not per carton. How many cartons fit in a 40 ft reefer explains loading. Have documents ready before the vessel arrives so the box does not sit plugged in at either end.
Compare offers on the same basis. A quote on FOB terms leaves the reefer freight to you, while a CIF quote includes it. What FOB Mundra or CIF Rotterdam include explains the difference.
How we help
We work with your forwarder to book reefers from Gujarat ports, check the pre-trip inspection and supervise the loading. We record set points, pulp temperatures and seal numbers for your file. Ask for a free sourcing review.